Cognitive Bias(174)


Social-desirability Bias

Survey respondents will give answers that be viewed favourably by others.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Feel important and impactful,

Availability Heuristic

You overestimate the probability of something that you hear more often/remember easily.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Notice primed or repeated, heuristic,

Delmore effect

We tend to have more defined and articulated goals about parts of our lives which has lower priority.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Avoid Irreversible decisions, Simple or complete over complex, ambiguous,

Zero sum bias

Belief that your situation is a zero sum situation and competing - even when there are unlimited resources.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Well-traveled road effect

Tendency to think that travelling to an unfamiliar place has taken longer - but an equal time journey in very familiar route would feel shorter.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Weber–Fechner law

Perceived difference is not the same as actual difference.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Change is Noticed,

Ultimate attribution error

Explains the negative behaviours of out-group(others) to personality defects and negative behaviours of the in-group(us) to external circumstances or chance.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Trait ascription bias

We think that our traits, attitudes, behaviours, moods are relatively variable(it can change as needed) - but other peoples traits are more predictable and static.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Feel important and impactful, attributional-bias,

Time-saving bias

We underestimate time saved when moving from a relatively smaller speed to higher speed. Also, we overestimate time saved when moving from a relatively faster speed to even faster speed.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Testing effect

We remember things for a longer period if we try to recall it once in a while.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Store memory differently based on the experience,

Telescoping effect

Events in the past or future seems more distant(backward telescoping/time expansion) or nearer(forward telescoping) than they actually are.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

System justification

We tend to defend the system we are in because it provides for many of our underlying needs.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status, social-psychology,

Swimmer's body illusion

People confuse selection factors with results.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Survivorship bias

Concentrating on the people/things that got past a selection point.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Subjective validation

You believe a hypothesis because it has personal meaning/significance to you.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Stereotyping

General belief about a group of people - and expects that belief to be true of all individuals in the group.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Spotlight effect

We think we are noticed/thought about by others way more than we actually are.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Self serving bias

Our thinking and perception is distorted in ways to enhance our self esteem.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Feel important and impactful, Need to Act fast,

Self-consistency bias

We believe that we are consistent in our beliefs, behaviours, options, attitudes, etc.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Not enough meaning, Current mind state is projected, memory,

Semmelweis reflex

A 'reflex' like tendency to reject opposing ideas to what you believe.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Social comparison bias

We have a feeling of dislike and competitiveness towards people who we think are better than us.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status,

Social identity theory

Social identity is the part of a person's self-concept that is made from their membership in a social group.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, We edit memories,

Reactance

Reactance is the resistance we feel when there is a threat to our behavioural freedom.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status,

Restraint bias

We overestimate our ability to control impulsive behaviour.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Rhyme as reason effect

We believe that proverbs, sayings etc. are more accurate if it rhymes.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Avoid Irreversible decisions, Simple or complete over complex, ambiguous,

Risk compensation

We adjust behaviour according to perceived risk - we are more risk taking when we feel protected, and more careful when we sense greater risk.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Feel important and impactful,

Rosy retrospection

We judge past events more positively than we do the present.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Recency bias

More significance is given to a recent event/data/evidence when compared to past events/data/evidence.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Notice primed or repeated,

Reactive devaluation

Tendency to devalue ideas/proposals that comes from an 'enemy'.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Publication bias

Bias that favours positive results in published academic research.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Bizarre/funny is more noticeable,

Prejudice

Prejudice is a preconceived(usually unfavourable) assignment of qualities to members of an out group.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Discard specifics for generalizations,

Planning fallacy

We underestimate time required to finish a task.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Pareidolia

Seeing a pattern/meaning where there is none.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Naive Cynicism

Expecting others to be biased all the time.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Notice flaws in others,

Naive realism

Belief that our view of the world is objective, and people who disagree are irrational/biased/misinformed.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Notice flaws in others,

Negativity bias

Negative stimuli have bigger impact on the mental state.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Bizarre/funny is more noticeable,

Next-in-line effect

We tend to forget things that happened just before we have to perform something.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Store memory differently based on the experience,

Normalcy bias

The brain sometimes ignores multiple warnings signals.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Not invented here

Tendency to avoid things with an external origin.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Omission bias

We favour an act of omission/inaction over commission/action.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Bizarre/funny is more noticeable,

Ostrich effect

Avoiding negative information that can cause discomfort.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Out-group homogeneity bias

The belief that the people in the out-group are very similar to each other.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Outcome bias

Evaluating the quality of a decision after the outcome is known.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Overconfidence effect

We overestimate our performance, think our performance is better than that of others, and think we have more accurate beliefs.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Feel important and impactful,

Law of narrative gravity

Public and press likes narratives. More widely accepted a narrative is, the more it shapes the perception of facts.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Law of the instrument

We tend to over-rely on a familiar tool.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status,

Less-is-better effect

lesser option is preferred when evaluated separately.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Avoid Irreversible decisions, Simple or complete over complex, ambiguous,

Levelling and sharpening

There are automatic functions of memory. Sharpening is when we remember small details in retelling of a memory. Levelling is when we leave out parts of the memory.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Reduce events and lists,

Levels of Processing model

We tend to remember things that have more depth of mental processing.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Store memory differently based on the experience, memory,

Linguistic relativity

The languages you know influence your cognition and world view.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Avoid Irreversible decisions, Simple or complete over complex, ambiguous,

Loss aversion

We prefer to avoid making a loss over making a profit of the same value.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things,

Magic number 7+-2

Number of items that can be held in short term memory: 7 +/- 2

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Memory inhibition

Memory inhibition is the ability **NOT** to remember irrelevant information.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Reduce events and lists, memory,

Money illusion

People mistake the face value of money(the amount of money) with the real value(what it can buy).

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Moral credential effect

A previous 'good' behaviour will make it easier to do 'bad' behaviour.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Moral luck

Assigning praise or blame of an action based on outcome even if its not fully in their control.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Not enough meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Motivated Reasoning

We tend to accept/believe more easily and with less scrutiny things we think are correct.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information-overload, Notice Confirmations,

Illusion of asymmetric insight

Belief that we know other people better than the other person knows us.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Illusion of external agency

A belief that good/bad things happen to us because of external influences rather than personal actions.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Illusion of transparency

We think other people can understand our mental state fairly accurately.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Illusion of validity

Overestimation of ability to interpret and predict outcome when analysing data that shows a consistent pattern.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Illusory correlation

Perceiving a relation between things(people, behaviours, events, etc) when no such relation exists.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Illusory truth effect

We believe incorrect information to be correct after repeated exposure.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Notice primed or repeated,

Implicit stereotype

We assign certain qualities to a member of an out group.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Discard specifics for generalizations,

In-group bias

Favouring people of your in-group over people outside.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Insensitivity to sample size

People tend to ignore sample size of data. They forget that variation is more likely in smaller sample sizes.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Irrational escalation

When we get negative feedback for an outcome we are invested in, we increase effort towards it instead of altering course.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things,

Just-world hypothesis

Belief that people will get what they deserve. Or Everything happens for a reason.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Group attribution error

Belief that the characteristics of one person in a group must be there in all.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Hofstadter's law

It describes the widely experienced difficulty of accurately estimating the time it will take to complete tasks of substantial complexity.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Hot-hand fallacy

Belief that someone who has been successful will be more likely to be successful in future attempts.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Essentialism

Philosophical view that all things have a set of properties that are necessary to their identity.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Extrinsic incentive error

We think other people are driven more by extrinsic motivators(like monetary reward) and we are driven more by intrinsic motivators(learning a new skill).

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

False consensus effect

We think our beliefs, behaviours, personal qualities are the norm.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Feel important and impactful, Need to Act fast,

Frequency illusion

Once you learn a new word/concept, you see it everywhere.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Notice primed or repeated,

Functional fixedness

Cognitive bias that limits your imagination of how an object can be used to only its traditional use.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Declinism

Belief that a society or institution is becoming worse over time.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Decoy effect

When deciding between two options, an unattractive third option can change the perceived preference between the other two.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status,

Disposition effect

When doing stock investing, we tend to sell off stocks that do well/increase in price - and keep the stock that is performing poorly.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things, behaviour, Behavioral finance,

Doorway Effect

The Doorway Effect is a widely experienced phenomenon, wherein a person passing through a doorway may forget what they were doing or thinking about previously.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload,

Duration neglect

Our judgment of how unpleasant an experience is does not depend on the duration of the event - but on the peak(most intense part) and how quickly the pain reduces.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Reduce events and lists,

Cheerleader effect/ Group attractiveness effect

Tendency to believe that individuals are more attractive when they are in a group.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Chesterton's fence

Ideally, we should not change something until we understand the purpose behind it.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status,

Confabulation

Memory error - people sometimes have wrong/distorted memories that they are confident about.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Confirmation Bias

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret favorably, favor, recall data/evidence in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information-overload, Notice Confirmations,

Conservatism

People don't easily change existing belief even when presented with new evidence.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Continued influence effect

Continue to believe wrong information even after learning that it's wrong.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Cross-race effect

Tendency to recognize faces from your own race more easily when compared to recognizing faces from other races.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Curse of knowledge

When communicating with others, we assume that they have all the background information about the topic that we have already.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Barnum effect

We think that vague and generic personality descriptions that can apply to a lot of people are very accurate and made specifically for them.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Feel important and impactful, Need to Act fast,

Base rate fallacy

We tend to overvalue the specific information - rather than integrating it with general information like the base rate.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Bias blind spot

It's more difficult to notice biases in ourselves.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Notice flaws in others,

Bizarreness effect

We remember bizarre material better.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Bizarre/funny is more noticeable,

Bucket error

Lumping a decision to a related but not necessarily causing result.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Appeal to probability fallacy

Belief that if it's possible, then it's probable.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Argument from fallacy

The idea that since an argument had a logical fallacy in it, it must be false.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Attentional bias

What we believe/want influences what we focus on/notice.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Notice primed or repeated,

Authority bias

We believe that the views of an authority figure(Eg. God, Govt., Parent) is more accurate - and let it influence our options.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Anthropomorphism

Assigning human traits, attributes, emotions or agency to non-human things.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Impact bias

We **overestimate** duration and intensity of future emotional states.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Gambler's fallacy

If an unlikely event(that's statistically independent) occurred multiple times, it's less likely to occur in the future.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Bandwagon effect

Tendency to follow the crowd. Adopting behaviours, practices, attitudes, beliefs only because others are doing it.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Suffix Effect

The Serial-position effect ie. strong recall of last item of the list, will be impaired if there is an irrelevant item(that need not be remembered) at the end of the list.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Reduce events and lists,

Dunning-Kruger Effect

Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which people with low ability at a task overestimate their ability.

Tagged With: psychology, permanent-notes, cognition, Cognitive Bias, Feel important and impactful, Need to Act fast,

Abilene paradox

It is possible for a group to decide on something that is against most or all of the group members' preference.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status, decision-making,

Von Restorff effect

If there are multiple similar stimuli, we remember the one that differs from the rest.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Bizarre/funny is more noticeable,

Unit bias

We want to finish a unit of anything we are consuming - we don't want to stop in the middle.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things,

Illusory superiority

We overestimate our own qualities and abilities when compared to other people.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Feel important and impactful, Need to Act fast,

Fading affect bias

Memories associated with negative emotions are forgotten more quickly than memories associated with positive emotions.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Discard specifics for generalizations,

Effort justification

If we put in a lot of effort into something, its value will go up in our mind.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Feel important and impactful,

Sunk Cost Fallacy

People generally put in more investment into a failing thing to win back the investment that has already gone in.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things, decision-making, fallacy,

Spacing effect

Recollection of memory is better if we try to remember that information at specific intervals.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, We edit memories, memory,

Pseudocertainty effect

We think of an outcome as certain - but in reality if we zoom out, it would be part of a multi-step process - which in entirety is not certain.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things,

Post purchase rationalization

People justify a past decision by subconsciously giving it positive attributes.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Mental accounting

People tend to assign subjective value to money - this is susceptible to biases, thinking flaws.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Hindsight Bias

People tend to think that events could have been easily predictable AFTER the outcome is clear.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, cbias-not-enough-meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Hard Easy Effect

Hard tasks makes you overconfident - and predict higher success probability while easier tasks makes you under confident - and predict lower success.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Feel important and impactful, Need to Act fast,

Google effect

We tend to forget something that we looked up online.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Store memory differently based on the experience,

False memory

Memory error that can create slightly wrong or wildly inaccurate recollection that the person is very confident about.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, We edit memories, memory,

Bystander effect

Individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when there are other people present.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, cbias-not-enough-meaning, Think we know what others think,

Broaden-and-build Theory

Negative emotions have immediate survival benefits. Positive emotions have long term benefits.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, We edit memories, psychology, emotion,

Automation bias

Tendency to believe decisions from an automated decision making system have more accuracy. And even ignore contradictory information made without automation.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Apophenia

The tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, cbias-not-enough-meaning, cbias-patterns-with-little-data,

Suggestibility

Suggestibility is tendency to accept or act on the suggestion of others.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, We edit memories,

Subadditivity effect

Belief that probability of the whole is lesser than the sum of probabilities of the parts.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Projection bias

We forecast our current preference on to a future event.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Optimism Bias

We exaggerate the probability of good things happening to us.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Feel important and impactful,

Neglect of probability

Tendency to ignore probability when making decisions in uncertain conditions.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Misattribution of memory

We tend to wrongly identify the source of a memory at point of recall.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, We edit memories,

Identifiable victim effect

We are more willing to help a specific, identifiable person over a large but vaguely defined group with the same issue.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Favor immediate, known things,

Hippo Effect

Hippo - or Highest Paid Person's Opinion. In meetings, there might be a person who has the most experience or authority(usually the boss). Decisions they make might go unchallenged.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status,

Halo effect

Tendency to transfer the good impression of a person/ company/ brand/ etc in one context to things they recommend in another context.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Generation effect

We remember things better if our own mind makes it up rather than when we just read it.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things, memory, memory-bias,

Fundamental Attribution Error

We attribute the reason of our own(or of our friends) failures to the environment, but the failures of others(or our enemies) to their character.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Feel important and impactful,

Defensive attribution hypothesis

We tend to believe theories about the cause of a mishap in a way that minimizes our own blame or threat in that mishap.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Feel important and impactful, attribution,

Context effect

We might not be able to recall information without memory aids/cues that we used at study.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Notice primed or repeated, memory,

Conjunction fallacy

We think that specific conditions are more probable than a single general condition.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Avoid Irreversible decisions, Simple or complete over complex, ambiguous,

Backfire effect

When we are presented with evidence against a pre-existing belief that we had, we sometimes reject the evidence and hold the belief even more strongly.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things,

Appeal to novelty

We believe that things are better just because they are new.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Favor immediate, known things, fallacy,

Zero risk bias

We prefer to eliminate risks **completely** in a smaller part rather than reduce overall risk even if the second option reduces risk to a greater extend.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things,

Serial-position effect

We tend to recall the first(Primacy effect) and last items(Recency effect) in a series.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Reduce events and lists,

Self-reference effect

We remember things better if we are affected by the information.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Store memory differently based on the experience, memory,

Selective Perception

Not notice/quickly forget things that cause us emotional discomfort and contradict our prior beliefs.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Reverse psychology

Reverse psychology is a manipulation technique that asks someone to do something opposite to the action that is actually required.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status,

Placebo effect

An inert pill can cure health issues if the patient believes that it will.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Peak End Rule

We judge an experience based on what happens at either the peak(most intense part of the experience) or at the end of the event rather that the entire event.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Reduce events and lists, memory, heuristic,

Observer-expectancy effect

Experimenters interpreting results incorrectly because they have a pre-existing hypothesis.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Modality effect

Our memory of things we study is based on the presentations of the material.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Reduce events and lists,

Misinformation effect

Our memory can change and become less accurate based on information we get after the event.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Reduce events and lists, memory,

Illusion of control

We overestimate how much control we have over situations.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Feel important and impactful, Need to Act fast,

Hyperbolic discounting

We discount the value of a reward given later by a factor of the delay in getting the reward.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Favor immediate, known things,

Congruence bias

People over-rely on their initial hypothesis.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Drawn existing beliefs,

Bike shed effect

We tend to spend more time on figuring out trivial things rather than spending time on the important things.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Avoid Irreversible decisions, Simple or complete over complex, ambiguous,

Belief bias

We judge arguments based on the probability of the conclusion rather than how strongly the argument supports the conclusion.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Avoid Irreversible decisions, Simple or complete over complex, ambiguous,

Anchoring Effect

Choices are affected by an anchor.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Change is Noticed,

Tip of the tongue

There are times when we can't recall a word from memory - even though we think that we are close to remembering it.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Store memory differently based on the experience, memory,

Serial recall

We are able to recollect items or events in the order they are given.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, Reduce events and lists,

Pro-innovation bias

If we see an innovation at work, we tend to believe that it can be applied everywhere without need of alterations.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Nocebo Effect

A nocebo effect is said to occur when negative expectations of the patient regarding a treatment cause the treatment to have a more negative effect than it otherwise would have.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Not enough meaning, jump-to-conclusions,

Distinction bias

When evaluating between two options, we view them as very different - as compared to evaluating them separately(we would have evaluated them very close to each other).

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Change is Noticed,

Denomination effect

Less likely to spend a large denomination currency than the equal value in smaller notes.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Cryptomnesia

We some times remember something that was forgotten - but we think that is an original thought that we made.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, What to remember, We edit memories, memory, memory-bias,

Clustering illusion

Belief that streaks or clusters in parts of random data are non-random.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Ambiguity effect

We prefer options with known probability over options with unknown probability even if the payout is smaller in the known option.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Avoid Irreversible decisions, Simple or complete over complex, ambiguous,

Third-person effect

We think that mass media affects other people more than it affects us.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Feel important and impactful, Need to Act fast,

Status quo bias

We prefer the current situation. We tend to think it is better than other alternatives.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, Want to have autonomy and status, emotional-bias,

Pessimism bias

We exaggerate the probability of bad things happening to us.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Information bias

We want to search for information even when it does not affect the decision.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Avoid Irreversible decisions, Simple or complete over complex, ambiguous,

IKEA effect

We value things much higher if we created them(even partially).

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things,

Egocentric Bias

We overestimate our own perspective.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Feel important and impactful, Need to Act fast,

Framing effect

People's choices can change based on how the question is framed or worded.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Information Overload, Change is Noticed,

Endowment effect

We want to keep a thing we own more than we want to get the same thing when we don't own it.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need to Act fast, We want to finish things, behavioral-economics,