Need for Meaning(62)


Zero sum bias

Belief that your situation is a zero sum situation and competing - even when there are unlimited resources.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Well-traveled road effect

Tendency to think that travelling to an unfamiliar place has taken longer - but an equal time journey in very familiar route would feel shorter.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Ultimate attribution error

Explains the negative behaviours of out-group(others) to personality defects and negative behaviours of the in-group(us) to external circumstances or chance.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Time-saving bias

We underestimate time saved when moving from a relatively smaller speed to higher speed. Also, we overestimate time saved when moving from a relatively faster speed to even faster speed.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Telescoping effect

Events in the past or future seems more distant(backward telescoping/time expansion) or nearer(forward telescoping) than they actually are.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Swimmer's body illusion

People confuse selection factors with results.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Survivorship bias

Concentrating on the people/things that got past a selection point.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Stereotyping

General belief about a group of people - and expects that belief to be true of all individuals in the group.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Spotlight effect

We think we are noticed/thought about by others way more than we actually are.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Restraint bias

We overestimate our ability to control impulsive behaviour.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Rosy retrospection

We judge past events more positively than we do the present.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Reactive devaluation

Tendency to devalue ideas/proposals that comes from an 'enemy'.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Planning fallacy

We underestimate time required to finish a task.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Pareidolia

Seeing a pattern/meaning where there is none.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Normalcy bias

The brain sometimes ignores multiple warnings signals.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Not invented here

Tendency to avoid things with an external origin.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Out-group homogeneity bias

The belief that the people in the out-group are very similar to each other.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Outcome bias

Evaluating the quality of a decision after the outcome is known.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Magic number 7+-2

Number of items that can be held in short term memory: 7 +/- 2

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Money illusion

People mistake the face value of money(the amount of money) with the real value(what it can buy).

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Moral credential effect

A previous 'good' behaviour will make it easier to do 'bad' behaviour.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Illusion of asymmetric insight

Belief that we know other people better than the other person knows us.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Illusion of external agency

A belief that good/bad things happen to us because of external influences rather than personal actions.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Illusion of transparency

We think other people can understand our mental state fairly accurately.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Illusion of validity

Overestimation of ability to interpret and predict outcome when analysing data that shows a consistent pattern.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Illusory correlation

Perceiving a relation between things(people, behaviours, events, etc) when no such relation exists.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

In-group bias

Favouring people of your in-group over people outside.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Insensitivity to sample size

People tend to ignore sample size of data. They forget that variation is more likely in smaller sample sizes.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Just-world hypothesis

Belief that people will get what they deserve. Or Everything happens for a reason.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Group attribution error

Belief that the characteristics of one person in a group must be there in all.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Hofstadter's law

It describes the widely experienced difficulty of accurately estimating the time it will take to complete tasks of substantial complexity.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Hot-hand fallacy

Belief that someone who has been successful will be more likely to be successful in future attempts.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Essentialism

Philosophical view that all things have a set of properties that are necessary to their identity.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Extrinsic incentive error

We think other people are driven more by extrinsic motivators(like monetary reward) and we are driven more by intrinsic motivators(learning a new skill).

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Functional fixedness

Cognitive bias that limits your imagination of how an object can be used to only its traditional use.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Declinism

Belief that a society or institution is becoming worse over time.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Cheerleader effect/ Group attractiveness effect

Tendency to believe that individuals are more attractive when they are in a group.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Confabulation

Memory error - people sometimes have wrong/distorted memories that they are confident about.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Conservatism

People don't easily change existing belief even when presented with new evidence.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Cross-race effect

Tendency to recognize faces from your own race more easily when compared to recognizing faces from other races.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Curse of knowledge

When communicating with others, we assume that they have all the background information about the topic that we have already.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Think we know what others think,

Base rate fallacy

We tend to overvalue the specific information - rather than integrating it with general information like the base rate.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Appeal to probability fallacy

Belief that if it's possible, then it's probable.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Argument from fallacy

The idea that since an argument had a logical fallacy in it, it must be false.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Authority bias

We believe that the views of an authority figure(Eg. God, Govt., Parent) is more accurate - and let it influence our options.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Anthropomorphism

Assigning human traits, attributes, emotions or agency to non-human things.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Impact bias

We **overestimate** duration and intensity of future emotional states.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Gambler's fallacy

If an unlikely event(that's statistically independent) occurred multiple times, it's less likely to occur in the future.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Bandwagon effect

Tendency to follow the crowd. Adopting behaviours, practices, attitudes, beliefs only because others are doing it.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Mental accounting

People tend to assign subjective value to money - this is susceptible to biases, thinking flaws.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Automation bias

Tendency to believe decisions from an automated decision making system have more accuracy. And even ignore contradictory information made without automation.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Subadditivity effect

Belief that probability of the whole is lesser than the sum of probabilities of the parts.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Projection bias

We forecast our current preference on to a future event.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Neglect of probability

Tendency to ignore probability when making decisions in uncertain conditions.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Halo effect

Tendency to transfer the good impression of a person/ company/ brand/ etc in one context to things they recommend in another context.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Liked or known things are better,

Anecdotal fallacy

We believe that personal experience/anecdotal examples trumps data or logical argument.

Tagged With: fallacy, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Placebo effect

An inert pill can cure health issues if the patient believes that it will.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Jump to conclusions using stereotypes,

Pro-innovation bias

If we see an innovation at work, we tend to believe that it can be applied everywhere without need of alterations.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,

Denomination effect

Less likely to spend a large denomination currency than the equal value in smaller notes.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Simplification of Probability and Numbers,

Clustering illusion

Belief that streaks or clusters in parts of random data are non-random.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Find patterns with little data,

Pessimism bias

We exaggerate the probability of bad things happening to us.

Tagged With: Cognitive Bias, Need for Meaning, Current mind state is projected,