Perceived difference is not the same as actual difference.
You believe a hypothesis because it has personal meaning/significance to you.
A 'reflex' like tendency to reject opposing ideas to what you believe.
More significance is given to a recent event/data/evidence when compared to past events/data/evidence.
Bias that favours positive results in published academic research.
Expecting others to be biased all the time.
Belief that our view of the world is objective, and people who disagree are irrational/biased/misinformed.
Negative stimuli have bigger impact on the mental state.
We favour an act of omission/inaction over commission/action.
Avoiding negative information that can cause discomfort.
Public and press likes narratives. More widely accepted a narrative is, the more it shapes the perception of facts.
We believe incorrect information to be correct after repeated exposure.
Once you learn a new word/concept, you see it everywhere.
The Doorway Effect is a widely experienced phenomenon, wherein a person passing through a doorway may forget what they were doing or thinking about previously.
Continue to believe wrong information even after learning that it's wrong.
It's more difficult to notice biases in ourselves.
We remember bizarre material better.
Lumping a decision to a related but not necessarily causing result.
What we believe/want influences what we focus on/notice.
If there are multiple similar stimuli, we remember the one that differs from the rest.
People justify a past decision by subconsciously giving it positive attributes.
We might not be able to recall information without memory aids/cues that we used at study.
Not notice/quickly forget things that cause us emotional discomfort and contradict our prior beliefs.
Experimenters interpreting results incorrectly because they have a pre-existing hypothesis.
People over-rely on their initial hypothesis.
Choices are affected by an anchor.
When evaluating between two options, we view them as very different - as compared to evaluating them separately(we would have evaluated them very close to each other).
People's choices can change based on how the question is framed or worded.